5 countries with relatively easy citizenship routes

Citizenship in a foreign country, including dual citizenship, can be obtained through investment, citizenship by descent, marriage or by legally residing in a country for a specified period while complying with its laws. In many countries considered desirable destinations, obtaining citizenship can be a lengthy and demanding process. However, some countries offer relatively simpler routes. Once certain conditions are met, applicants can obtain a new passport. Here are five countries where citizenship is comparatively easier to obtain.

Ireland

Ireland, a European country outside the Schengen Area, offers citizenship by descent. If an applicant's parents or grandparents were born in Ireland, the person may be eligible for citizenship as a descendant.

The photo showhs the Johnstown Castle, a historic landmark located in County Wexford, Ireland. Photo: irishheritagetrust.ie

In such cases, the applicant must register through the Foreign Births Register. Irish citizenship provides an EU passport and visa-free travel across the European Union. Those who acquire Irish citizenship can retain dual nationality. No language test is required.

Dominica

Citizenship in the Caribbean island nation of Dominica can be obtained relatively easily through investment. There are mainly two investment options: a minimum contribution to the Economic Diversification Fund and investment in real estate.

Each small village has its own festivities and carnivals showing off musical variety in Dominica. The image depicts dancers performing at the World Creole Music Festival. Photo: Revelacion Carnavalesca

Foreign nationals who invest through either of these routes can obtain citizenship within a few months. Dominican citizenship allows visa-free travel to more than 140 countries, including countries in Europe's Schengen Area. Dual citizenship is permitted under the programme, and applicants are not required to reside in Dominica.

Turkey

Turkish citizenship can be obtained through direct investment. Purchasing real estate worth at least US$400,000 can make it possible to obtain citizenship within a few months. Applicants seeking Turkish citizenship through investment do not have to give up their citizenship or original nationality.

The photo shows traditional Turkish cuisine Mercimek kofte, served in bite-sized portions, this popular appetizer's main ingredients are bulgur, red lentils and various spices. Photo: Shutterstock

There is also no requirement to live in Turkey after obtaining citizenship. In other words, citizenship can be retained without residing in Turkey. Holders of a Turkish passport can enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a significant number of countries.

Vanuatu

Citizenship can be obtained in the Pacific island nation of Vanuatu under its Development Support Programme. The process can take less than two months. A minimum investment in a government fund is required.

The photo depicts the scenic Rarru Rentapao Cascades on Efate Island in Vanuatu. Photo: Vacations and Travel

The Pacific country provides visa-free access to more than 100 countries. Foreign income is not subject to capital gains tax or any other tax in exchange for Vanuatu citizenship. The country is suitable for those seeking citizenship quickly with minimum requirements.

Portugal

Portugal's Golden Visa programme is among the most popular in the European Union. After legally residing in Portugal for five years while meeting certain conditions and complying with the rules, an applicant can apply for Portuguese citizenship. However, applicants must also pass a Portuguese language test.

The image shows a traditional Portuguese cuisine dish featuring shredded salted cod, bread mash (migas), and turnip greens (grelos). Photo: Wikipedia

Investment in venture capital funds or real estate in Portugal provides an opportunity for EU citizenship. Dual citizens can travel visa-free and enter Schengen countries.